Household stress moderates the association between caregiver metacognition and infant sustained attention

Citation

Amarieh G, Caes L, Wijeakumar S & Hendry A (2025) Household stress moderates the association between caregiver metacognition and infant sustained attention. Infant Mental Health Journal, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.70038

Abstract
Previous work has shown that caregiver executive functions (EFs) are robustly linked to EFs in children. However, existing evidence has used mixed methods approaches combining questionnaires and experimental tasks in older children. The current study used contextually similar questionnaires to examine whether caregiver EFs were linked to infant EFs, and whether household stress and socioeconomic status moderated these associations. Ninety-one families living in the Midlands region of the United Kingdom participated in the study. Caregiver EFs were assessed using the behavior rating inventory of executive functions and infant EFs were assessed using the early executive functions questionnaire. Caregivers were also asked to provide information on household stress and socioeconomic status. Our findings showed that better caregiver metacognition was associated with better infant sustained attention, and this association was moderated by caregiver life stress. Our findings contribute to the understanding of early associations between caregiver and child EFs.

Keywords
caregivers; executive functions; infants; metacognition; SES; stress; sustained attention

Notes
Received: 25 June 2024 Accepted: 19 July 2025; B R I E F R E P O R T

Journal
Infant Mental Health Journal

• Household stress moderates the association between caregiver metacognition and infant sustained attention