Dataset
Rutherford A, Mohan J, McDonnell D, Rahal C, Clifford D, Couper Kenney F, Duggan A & McNicol S (2025) Home Legal Review procedures Metrics Third Sector and Civil Society Organisations in the UK, 1869-2025.
Professor
Sociology, Social Policy & Criminology Colin Bell Building, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA
Alasdair Rutherford is a Professor of Social Statistics at the University of Stirling. His work focusses on using data to better understand major challenges in charities and nonprofits, data-driven regulation, health & ageing, social care, and volunteering. His research uses administrative and survey data to tackle big questions. Alasdair's teaching is mainly applied statistics for social scientists, and he has also been involved in a number of initiatives to build data analysis skills amongst third sector practitioners.
"I describe myself as an 'altruistic economist', if you can believe such a thing exists. That's because I am primarily interested in pro-social behaviour, and how that is expressed through charity, volunteering and caring. I try to use big data - all sorts of data - to better understand patterns in this sort of helping, and to try and shape the policies and systems that support it."
Current and recent research projects include:
Watch a recent webinar on data visualisation for third sector organisations:
Alasdair's academic background includes economics, sociology, psychology and artificial intelligence. Prior to becoming an academic, he worked for seven years in marketing and fundraising for a large social care charity. He has been in the Faculty of Social Sciences at Stirling since 2013.
Alasdair is part of the Centre for Population Change; the Scottish Civil Society Data Partnership; and the Scottish Longitudinal Study of Ageing (HAGIS). He was also involved in the Scottish Administrative Data Research Centre.
Alasdair sits on the Scottish Third Sector Research Forum and the NCVO Research Advisory Group. He is a board member of the Stirling Carers Centre, and managing director of the social enterprise Socialudo. He has previously sat on the Scottish Informatics and Linkage Collaboration Strategic Management Board; and the trustee boards of Age Scotland, Hanover Scotland; the Bumblebee Conservation Trust; and the Broomhouse Centre.
His teaching with the Faculty of Social Sciences includes quantitative methods; data visualisation; and volunteering & the voluntary sector. Alasdair teaches on the MSc Applied Social Research; the MSc Social Statistics; and the BA (Hons) Sociology, Social Policy & Criminology.
Alasdair's research is mainly applied econometric work using large national datasets, including both social surveys and administrative data. His research interests include charities and nonprofits, data-driven regulation, health & ageing, social care, and volunteering, with an emphasis on the implications for public policy.
Alasdair is interested in research collaborations and PhD students projects in the fields of:
charities and third sector: measurement, employment & workforce, finance, volunteering, risk & resilience, regulation
health and ageing: employment, care, retirement, housing
social care: measurement, costs, workforce
data: methods, causal estimation, visualisation, capacity building
games: serious games, sociology of games, use of games in teaching
Selected research projects:
| Organisational data on the third sector | Intersectional Stigma of Place-based Ageing (ISPA) | Designing Homes For Healthy Cognitive Ageing (DesHCA) | Connecting Generations | Healthy AGeing In Scotland (HAGIS)
Find out how we are using large survey data to understand patterns of stigma, disability and ageing in the ISPA project:
Alasdair works with a range of research methods, including:
You can find his publicly available code shared at GitHub.
Within the Faculty of Social Sciences, Alasdair is a member of the Social Statistics & Social Surveys research group; the Dementia & Social Gerontology research group; and the Public Services & Governance research group.
Louise Macaulay "Overcoming Barriers to Labour Market Entry amongst People with Disabilities and Long-term Health Conditions and their Unpaid Carers"
Claire Stuart "Charity Trustees, Governance and Accountability in Scottish Charities: Modelling Trustee Dynamics Using Linked Regulator Data"
Stacey McNicol (2023) "A Life Lived for Others: Volunteering Participation and Transitions in Older Age"
Dr Paul Henery (2022) "Pathways through Care: Health, Social Care and Multimorbidity"
Dr Craig Docherty (2021) "Exploring the use of Games and Gamification for Public Engagement in Tree and Plant Health"
Dr Alana McGuire (2020) "Impact of New Information Technologies and 'Big Data' on Skill Requirements"
Dr Nur Azam Perai (2020) "The Malaysian Third Sector: An Investigation from a Historical and Cultural Perspective"
Dr Elizabeth Lemmon (2019) "Understanding the Link Between Health and Social Care: A Quantitative Approach"
Dr Tom Wallace (2019) “Trust in the data: External data use by the Scottish third sector”
Dr Diarmuid McDonnell (2017) “Risk and Resilience in Scottish Charities”
Dr Jessie Azong (2015) "Economic Policy, Childcare and the Unpaid Economy: Exploring Gender Equality in Scotland"
Dr John Marecki (2015) "Investigating a Structural Model of Addiction Stigma related to Student Perceptions towards Persons Addicted to Heroin"
VSSN Campbell Adamson Memorial 'Best Paper' Prize
VSSN Campbell Adamson Memorial 'Best Paper' Prize
Outstanding Research Leadership, Research Culture Awards
Board Member of the Broomhouse Centre
Board Member of the Bumblebee Conservation Trust
Board Member of Hanover Housing (Scotland)
Board Member of Age Scotland
Board Member of Stirling Carers Centre
Board member, Socialudo Ltd
Member of NCVO’s Research Advisory Group
Member of the Scottish Government’s Third Sector Research Forum
Member of UK Dept. Culture, Media & Sport Civil Society Stakeholder Group (CSSG) Data and Evidence Working Group
External Examiner, University of Edinburgh
Member, SGSSS DTP Training Implementation Working Group
Member, ISTR publications committee
ESRC Centre in Community Participation and Connectedness
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council and Local Trust
–
Intersectional Stigma of Place-based Ageing
PI: Professor Vikki McCall
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
–
Designing homes for healthy cognitive ageing: co-production for impact and scale (DesHCA)
PI: Professor Alison Bowes
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
–
Improving end of life care: supporting the workforce and reducing hospitalisations through an implementation study in care homes
PI: Professor Liz Forbat
Funded by: National Institute for Health Research
–
Assessing financial vulnerability and risk in the UK's charities during and beyond the COVID-19 crisis
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: UK Research and Innovation
–
Mobilising Voluntary Action in the four UK jurisdictions: Learning from today, prepared for tomorrow
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: UK Research and Innovation
–
Sustainable Care: connecting people and systems
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
–
Designing for Ageing and Dementia International Research Network
PI: Professor Alison Bowes
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
–
Centre for Population Change
PI: Professor Alison Bowes
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
–
Permanently progressing: Outcomes for children in Scotland accommodated before age 5
PI:
Funded by: British Association for Adoption & Fostering and Confidential Donor
–
Administrative Data Research Centre - Scotland
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
–
Extending the Pilot of the Scottish Longitudinal Survey of Ageing
PI:
Funded by: The Nuffield Foundation
–
Understanding the outcomes of people with cognitive impairment and/or dementia admitted to the general hospital.
PI:
Funded by: National Institute for Health Research
–
The Scottish Longitudinal Survey of Ageing (THSLS)
PI:
Funded by: National Institutes of Health
–
The Role of Volunteers in Dementia Care
PI: Professor Vikki McCall
Funded by: Abbeyfield Society
–
Style and/or Substance? Developing Teaching in Statistical Communication
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: The British Academy
–
Pathways through Health and Social Care for Older People with Dementia
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: Chief Scientist Office
–
THe Scottish Longitudinal Survey of ageing (THSLS) - Admin Supplement
PI:
Funded by: National Institutes of Health
–
Piloting a Collaborative Quantitative Research development Programme in the Third Sector: Understanding Volunteering in Scotland
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: Applied Quantitative Methods Network
–
The Games People Play
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
–
Supporting community resilience in Scotland through public policy and practice? Who is involved, how is it happening, and what needs to change?
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council
–
Using the Scottish household Survey to explore patterns and variations in volunteering participation
PI: Professor Alasdair Rutherford
Funded by: Applied Quantitative Methods Network
–
Dataset
Rutherford A, Mohan J, McDonnell D, Rahal C, Clifford D, Couper Kenney F, Duggan A & McNicol S (2025) Home Legal Review procedures Metrics Third Sector and Civil Society Organisations in the UK, 1869-2025.
Article
Learning about design for dementia: lessons from a Japan–UK network
Bowes A, Dawson A, Copland F, Gibson G, Hotta S, Ishikawa S, Ito M, Kiuchi D, Koreki A, Lovatt M, McCall V, Palmer L, Quirke M, Phillips J & Rutherford A (2024) Learning about design for dementia: lessons from a Japan–UK network. Cogent Gerontology, 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/28324897.2024.2397951
Article
Forbat L, Macgregor A, Brown T, McCormack B, Spilsbury K, Rutherford A, Hanratty B, Hockley J, McKenzie M, Soulsby I & Ogden M (2024) Negotiating pace, focus and identities: Patient/public involvement/engagement in a palliative care study. Sociology of Health & Illness, 46 (7), pp. 1327-1344. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9566.13785
Project Report
Forbat E, Magregor A, Spilsbury K, McCormack B, Rutherford A, Hanratty B, Hockley J, Davison L, Ogden M, Soulsby I & McKenzie M (2024) Using Palliative Care Needs Rounds in the UK for care home staff and residents: an implementation science study. National Institute of Health Research. Southampton. https://doi.org/10.3310/KRWQ5829
Article
Othering Older People’s Housing: Gaming Ageing to Support Future-Planning
McCall V, Rutherford AC, Bowes A, Jagannath S, Njoki M, Quirke M, Pemble CM, Lovatt M, Maginn K, Davison L, Scrutton P, Pengelly R & Gibson J (2024) Othering Older People’s Housing: Gaming Ageing to Support Future-Planning. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21 (3), Art. No.: 304. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030304
Article
Macgregor A, McCormack B, Spilsbury K, Hockley J, Rutherford A, Ogden M, Soulsby I, McKenzie M, Hanratty B & Forbat L (2023) Supporting care home residents in the last year of life through ‘Needs Rounds’: Development of a pre-implementation programme theory through a rapid collaborative online approach. Frontiers in Health Services, 2, Art. No.: 1019602. https://doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2022.1019602
Article
The Promise and Perils of Comparing Nonprofit Data Across Borders
Searing EAM, Grasse NJ & Rutherford A (2023) The Promise and Perils of Comparing Nonprofit Data Across Borders. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 52 (1 supplement), pp. 130S-159S. https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640221114140
Book Chapter
The impact of COVID-19 on the formation and dissolution of charitable organisations
Rutherford A, McDonnell D & Mohan J (2022) The impact of COVID-19 on the formation and dissolution of charitable organisations. In: COVID-19 and the Voluntary and Community Sector in the UK: Responses, Impacts and Adaptation. COVID-19 and the Voluntary and Community Sector in the UK Responses, Impacts and Adaptation. Bristol: Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.51952/9781447365532.ch004
Book Chapter
Researching risk in the voluntary sector: The challenges and opportunities of regulatory data
McDonnell D & Rutherford A (2022) Researching risk in the voluntary sector: The challenges and opportunities of regulatory data. In: Dean J & Hogg E (eds.) Researching Voluntary Action: Innovations and Challenges. Bristol: Policy Press, pp. 122-134. https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/researching-voluntary-action
Article
Members Only? Exclusivity and Fractionalisation in the Malaysian Third Sector
Perai NAA & Rutherford AC (2022) Members Only? Exclusivity and Fractionalisation in the Malaysian Third Sector. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-022-00506-2
Conference Paper (published)
Comparing a Game v. Non-Game approach for plant provenance public education
Docherty C, Rutherford A, Jones G & Maharaj S (2021) Comparing a Game v. Non-Game approach for plant provenance public education. In: Gabron S (ed.) GSGS '21 - International Conference on Gamification and Serious Game Proceeding. Gamification & Serious Game Symposium. GSGS '21 - International Conference on Gamification and Serious Game, Lausanne, Switzerland, 28.06.2021-09.07.2021. Dublin: Digital Kingdom. https://gsgs.ch/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/gsgs21.pdf
Article
DeMattee AJ & Rutherford AC (2021) Biases in low-information environments: Understanding for-profit and non-profit salary differentials in Haiti. Journal of International Development, 33 (7), pp. 1141-1165. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3572
Letter
Is 'dementia-friendly design' cost effective? The results of a preliminary literature review
Koreki A, Sado M, Katayama N, Rutherford A & Bowes A (2021) Is 'dementia-friendly design' cost effective? The results of a preliminary literature review. Psychogeriatrics, 21 (4), pp. 691-692. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12698
Article
The Big Bird Gets the Worm? How Size Influences Social Networking by Charitable Organizations
Wallace T & Rutherford AC (2021) The Big Bird Gets the Worm? How Size Influences Social Networking by Charitable Organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 50 (3), pp. 626-646. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764020959472
Article
Incentivizing Regulatory Participation: Effectiveness of a Fundraising Levy
Rutherford A, McDonnell D & Hogg E (2021) Incentivizing Regulatory Participation: Effectiveness of a Fundraising Levy. Public Administration Review, 81 (3), pp. 532-542. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13176
Article
MacLeod CA, Bu F, Rutherford AC, Phillips J & Woods R (2021) Cognitive impairment negatively impacts allied health service uptake: Investigating the association between health and service use. SSM - Population Health, 13, Art. No.: 100720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100720
Article
Macgregor A, Rutherford A, McCormack B, Hockley J, Ogden M, Soulsby I, McKenzie M, Spilsbury K, Hanratty B & Forbat L (2021) Palliative and end-of-life care in care homes: protocol for codesigning and implementing an appropriate scalable model of Needs Rounds in the UK. BMJ Open, 11 (2), Art. No.: e049486. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049486
Article
McCall V, Ziegler F, Robertson J, Lovatt M, Phillips J, Porteus J, Mcintyre Z, Rutherford A, Sixsmith J, Woolrych R, Eadie J, Wallman J, Epinosa M, Harrison E & Wallace T (2020) Housing and Ageing: Let's Get Serious-"How Do You Plan for the Future while Addressing Immediate Chaos?". Social Inclusion, 8 (3), pp. 28-42. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i3.2779
Article
Lambert P & Rutherford A (2020) Occupational inequalities in volunteering participation: Using detailed data on jobs to explore the influence of habits and circumstances. British Journal of Sociology, 71 (4), pp. 625-643. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12756
Article
Blurring and Bridging: The Role of Volunteers in Dementia Care within Homes and Communities
McCall V, McCabe L, Rutherford A, Bu F, Wilson M & Woolvin M (2020) Blurring and Bridging: The Role of Volunteers in Dementia Care within Homes and Communities. Journal of Social Policy, 49 (3), pp. 622-642. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047279419000692
Article
Promoting charity accountability: Understanding disclosure of serious incidents
McDonnell D & Rutherford AC (2019) Promoting charity accountability: Understanding disclosure of serious incidents. Accounting Forum, 43 (1), pp. 42-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accfor.2018.05.003
Research Report
Housing and Ageing: Linking future strategy to future delivery for Scotland, Wales and England 2030
McCall V, Phillips J, Lovatt M, Robertson J, Rutherford A, Woolrytch R, Sixsmith J, Macintyre Z, Porteus J, Ziegler F & Eadie J (2019) Housing and Ageing: Linking future strategy to future delivery for Scotland, Wales and England 2030. Scottish Universities Insight Institute and Social Policy Association. https://www.scottishinsight.ac.uk/Programmes/Scotland2030/HousingOlderPeople.aspx
Article
Dementia, home care and institutionalisation from hospitals in older people
Bu F & Rutherford A (2019) Dementia, home care and institutionalisation from hospitals in older people. European Journal of Ageing, 16 (3), pp. 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-018-0493-0
Research Report
Volunteering for All: national framework - literature review
Rutherford A, Bu F, Dawson A & McCall V (2019) Volunteering for All: national framework - literature review. Scottish Government. Social Research: People, Communities and Places. https://www.gov.scot/publications/literature-review-scotlands-volunteering-outcomes-framework/
Article
Measuring growth of the nonprofit sector: The choice of indicator matters
Pennerstorfer A & Rutherford A (2019) Measuring growth of the nonprofit sector: The choice of indicator matters. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 48 (2), pp. 440-456. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764018819874
Article
Rutherford AC & Bu F (2018) Issues with the Measurement of Informal Care in Social Surveys: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Ageing and Society, 38 (12), pp. 2541-2559. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X17000757
Article
Hapca S, Guthrie B, Cvoro V, Bu F, Rutherford A, Reynish E & Donnan PT (2018) Mortality in people with dementia, delirium, and unspecified cognitive impairment in the general hospital: prospective cohort study of 6,724 patients with 2 years follow-up. Clinical Epidemiology, 10, pp. 1743-1753. https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s174807
Article
The Determinants of Charity Misconduct
McDonnell D & Rutherford AC (2018) The Determinants of Charity Misconduct. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 47 (1), pp. 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764017728367
Article
Douglas E, Rutherford AC & Bell D (2018) Pilot study protocol to inform a future longitudinal study of ageing using linked administrative data: Healthy AGeing in Scotland (HAGIS). BMJ Open, 8 (1), Art. No.: e018802. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018802
Research Report
The Role of Volunteering in Dementia Care
McCall V, McCabe L, Rutherford AC, Bu F, Wilson M & Woolvin M (2017) The Role of Volunteering in Dementia Care.
Article
Career Concerns versus Shared Values: An Empirical Investigation
McKenzie T & Rutherford AC (2017) Career Concerns versus Shared Values: An Empirical Investigation. German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, 31 (2), pp. 162-184. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2397002217695475
Article
Robertson J, Bowes A, Gibson G, McCabe L, Reynish E, Rutherford AC & Wilinska M (2016) Spotlight on Scotland: Assets and opportunities for aging research in a shifting sociopolitical landscape. Gerontologist, 56 (6), pp. 979-989. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw058
Article
Woolvin M, Mills S, Hardill I & Rutherford AC (2015) Divergent geographies of policy and practice? Voluntarism and devolution in England, Scotland and Wales. Geographical Journal, 181 (1), pp. 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12069
Article
Rising Wages in the Expanding U.K. Nonprofit Sector From 1997 to 2007
Rutherford AC (2015) Rising Wages in the Expanding U.K. Nonprofit Sector From 1997 to 2007. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 44 (1), pp. 123-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764013509891
Research Report
Community Impact of Public Processions
Hamilton-Smith N, Malloch M, Ashe S, Rutherford AC & Bradford B (2015) Community Impact of Public Processions. Scottish Government. Social Research series: Crime and Justice. Scottish Government Social Research. http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/02/3769/downloads
Article
Networks of Informal Caring: a Mixed-Methods Approach
Rutherford AC & Bowes A (2014) Networks of Informal Caring: a Mixed-Methods Approach. Canadian Journal on Aging, 33 (4), pp. 473-487. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0714980814000361
Article
Individual and Geographic Factors in the Formation of Care Networks in the UK
Bell D & Rutherford AC (2013) Individual and Geographic Factors in the Formation of Care Networks in the UK. Population, Space and Place, 19 (6), pp. 727-737. https://doi.org/10.1002/psp.1792
Article
Older Workers and Working Time
Bell D & Rutherford AC (2013) Older Workers and Working Time. The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 1-2, pp. 28-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeoa.2013.08.001
Article
Free Personal Care for Older People: A Wider Perspective on Its Costs
Bell D, Rutherford AC & Wright RE (2013) Free Personal Care for Older People: A Wider Perspective on Its Costs. Fraser of Allander Institute Economic Commentary, 36 (3), pp. 69-76. http://www.strath.ac.uk/media/departments/economics/fairse/backissues/Fraser_Economic_Commentary_Vol_36,_No_3.pdf
Book Chapter
Rutherford AC (2012) Get By With a Little Help From My Friends: A Recent History of Charitable Organisations in Economic Theory. In: Faccarello G & Sturn R (eds.) Studies in the History of Public Economics. London: Routledge. http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415695145/
Article
Long-Term Care and the Housing Market
Bell D & Rutherford AC (2012) Long-Term Care and the Housing Market. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 59 (5), pp. 543 - 563. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2012.00594.x
Article
The 'Ins' and 'Outs' of Working in the UK Voluntary Sector
Rutherford AC (2012) The 'Ins' and 'Outs' of Working in the UK Voluntary Sector. Voluntary Sector Review, 3 (3), pp. 365-377. https://doi.org/10.1332/204080512X658063
Working Paper
Long-Term Care and the Housing Market
Bell D & Rutherford AC (2012) Long-Term Care and the Housing Market. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2012-13.
Research Report
Measuring the Social Economy in Scotland
Rutherford AC (2010) Measuring the Social Economy in Scotland. Scottish Government.
Article
Rutherford AC (2010) Get by with a little help from my friends: A recent history of charitable organisations in economic theory. European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 17 (4), pp. 1031-1046. https://doi.org/10.1080/09672560903434489
Working Paper
On the Up: Voluntary Sector Wages in the UK 1998 - 2007
Rutherford AC (2010) On the Up: Voluntary Sector Wages in the UK 1998 - 2007. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2010-06.
Research Report
Engaging the Scottish Diaspora: Rationale, Benefits and Challenges
Rutherford AC (2009) Engaging the Scottish Diaspora: Rationale, Benefits and Challenges. Scottish Government. Scottish Government Social Research. Scottish Government. http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2009/07/28161043/10
Working Paper
Rutherford AC (2009) Where is the Warm Glow? Donated Labour and Nonprofit Wage Differentials in the Health and Social Work Industries. Stirling Economics Discussion Paper, 2009-20.
MSc/MRes Applied Social Research